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Biotransformations are reactions, catalyzed by biocatalysts, where pure substances-reactants are transformed in structural similar products in one or more reaction steps. Since 1970 the number of processes for the synthesis of fine and traditional chemicals, pharmaceutical and agrochemical intermediates in industry is increasing using biotransformations (about 100 industrial processes). The aim of biotransformation research is the development of continuous processes for the production of industrial important components. Chemical engineering concept in these research is based on the reactor design, used for performing each biotransformation. For successful performance several reaction parameters have to be defined: shape of the biocatalyst, reaction kinetics, bioreactor type, as well as isolation of the products. Each of the stated factors demands special way of research with the aim of finding the optical conditions. It is very important, that all the factors are monitored parallel, so that the eventually limiting one could be improved. Biocatalysts can be used in a form of a whole cell or as an isolated enzyme, which can be immobilized on a carrier or used free in a solution. The form of the used biocatalyst is determined according to the cost and the stability under the reaction conditions. If the whole cell will be used as a biocatalysts as a cheaper choice depends on the activity of the enzyme inside of it and the amount and the type of the by- products which are produced by the performance of the other enzymes in the whole cell. For each by-product, which is formed during the reaction, an effective separation technique has to be found. When the enzyme is unstable or is fast deactivated, the immobilization technique has to be improved in order to improve its characteristics and allow its use during a longer period of time. Researching the reaction kinetics its characteristics are determined and the parameters with which the reaction can be simulated in different types of reactors are evaluated. On this way, the bioreactor performance can be determined in order to achieve the highest productivity. On the same way, the conversion can be evaluated which will show if the product separation has to be integrated in the process so that the equilibrium will be moved to the desired direction. Reaction equilibrium, as well as the separation process, is determined by the reaction medium. Substrates are not always good soluble in water what can decrease the reaction rate. Choosing suitable solvents in different concentrations can influence the reaction equilibrium, as well. Because of that, the possibilities of performing processes in unconventional media, such as two-phase systems, ionic liquids and supercritical fluids, is investigated nowadays. Defining the method for separation of the product from the process is very important since separation processes present between 50 and 90 % of the production costs.
Short description of the task performed by Croatian partner
Ovo web sjedište koristi tehnologiju "kolačića" (eng. cookie) da bi se korisnicima prikazao dinamičan i personaliziran sadržaj, te su oni nužni za ispravan rad. Ako nastavite pregledavati ove stranice, kolačići će biti korišteni u suradnji s vašim preglednikom Weba.
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